Makkah is Islam's holiest city, notable for being the birthplace of the prophet Muhammad and for being the destination of the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. According to Islamic teachings, Muslims are expected to complete the Hajj pilgrimage at least once during their lifetime, assuming they are physically and financially capable of embarking on the journey. It is important to note that the city of Makkah is off-limits to non-Muslims.
The most significant attraction within Makkah is the Al-Masjid Al-Haram Mosque, also known as the Grand Mosque. It is the largest mosque in the world and is the main site for the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages. In modern times, approximately five million Muslims complete the Hajj pilgrimage every year. Notably, the mosque contains the Kaaba, a stone building at its centre, which serves as the direction of prayer for Muslims around the world.
The Makkah Gate, which is often referred to as the Qur'an Gate, serves as both a gateway to the city and a monument. It marks the beginning of the haram or 'forbidden' area, where non-Muslims are prohibited from entering. The gate was built in 1979 and is one of Makkah's most instantly recognisable features.
Close to the city of Makkah is another of Islam's most significant sites, the Jabal al-Nour mountain, which contains the cave of Hira, where the prophet Muhammad is said to have received his first revelation. It is one of the city's most popular tourist attractions, and the hike up to the cave itself will usually take at least an hour.
Visitors may also be interested in the Abraj Al Bait, or Clock Towers, which includes the Makkah Clock Royal Tower - one of the tallest buildings in the world. For sports fans, King Abdul Aziz Stadium is a 38,000-capacity stadium and the largest sports venue in the city. It is primarily used for football games, serving as the home ground for Al Wehda FC.
In terms of food culture, Makkah largely follows the rest of Saudi Arabia, with common foods including chicken, lamb, rice, potatoes and seafood. The AlBaik fast food chain is popular within Makkah itself. The city contains numerous branches, and it is mainly known for selling Halal fried chicken, although other foods are also on the menu, including fish, shrimp and fries. Only Halal foods are allowed to be sold in Makkah, and pork is forbidden.